Early Dementia: Uncovering key risks and prevention strategies

In a significant stride towards understanding early-onset dementia, the University of Exeter and Maastricht University's latest study, as reported in JAMA Neurology, provides critical insights.

The extensive research, analyzing the behaviors of over 350,000 individuals under the age group of 65 in the UK, unveils 15 primary factors contributing to the development of dementia at an early age.

The findings are crucial, as they reveal a blend of unchangeable genetic factors and modifiable lifestyle elements. It offers new directions for prevention and awareness.

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Exploring the risk factors of Dementia

The earlier you can spot it, the better it is for you to deal with it (Image via Unsplash/Adrian Swancar)

The study's scope is significant, identifying 15 key risk factors for developing dementia before the age of 65. Social isolation stands out as a major risk, along with lower formal education levels and socioeconomic status.

Genetics also play a role, notably the presence of two copies of the APOE gene linked to Alzheimer's. Lifestyle elements like excessive alcohol consumption and complete abstinence are highlighted as risks, adding complexity to the issue.

Other factors include vitamin D deficiency, hearing loss, and elevated C-reactive protein levels, which indicate inflammation. Physical frailty, as indicated by lower handgrip strength, and orthostatic hypotension, a type of low blood pressure, also contribute.

Chronic conditions like stroke, diabetes, and heart disease further increase the risk. The research importantly points out that while some factors are immutable, others are within our control and subject to modification through lifestyle choices.

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Preventive Lifestyle Strategies

In response to the study, health experts underline the significance of lifestyle modifications. Dr. Arman Fesharaki-Zadeh from Yale School of Medicine advocates for regular physical activity, emphasizing its extensive benefits on neurocognitive functions and mood enhancement.

The earlier you can spot it, the better it is for you to deal with it (Image via Unsplash/Usman Yousaf)

Additionally, he stresses the importance of a nutritious diet, particularly a Mediterranean-based one rich in vegetables, olive oil, fish, and berries, known for their brain-protective properties.

The role of mental and social engagement is equally crucial. Activities that challenge the brain, such as learning new skills, attending educational seminars, and engaging in social interactions, contribute significantly to cognitive health.

Stress management techniques like mindfulness and yoga are recommended for mood enhancement. Dr. Fesharaki-Zadeh highlights that these practices, while not exhaustive, are fundamental in maintaining cognitive health and potentially reducing the risk of developing early-onset dementia.

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The study underscores the importance of proactive measures in mitigating the risk of early-onset dementia. By adopting healthier lifestyles, focusing on physical, mental, and social well-being, we can influence some of the modifiable risk factors, offering a proactive approach in this challenging health domain.