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Before understanding types of schizophrenia, it's important to recognize that each type can make it tough for a person to determine what's real and what's not. Some symptoms can be so severe and restricting that they make it tough to do typical things.
People with different types of schizophrenia have trouble controlling their feelings, thinking clearly and logically, and getting along with others. They can affect people uniquely and show up as signs of a psychotic break.
What is our current understanding of schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a long-term brain condition that can change a person's view of reality and cause hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, distorted thinking and a lack of motivation.
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Several genetic and environmental factors work together to cause it. Scientists have not be able to find a single root cause, as schizophrenia may be caused by more than one thing.
It affects one in every 300 people in the world. This disorder can cause a lot of distress in a person's personal, work, school and family life. It's important to know that schizophrenia is not a one-size-fits-all disorder when trying to understand it. In fact, there are five different kinds of schizophrenia. Each group has its own signs and best ways to treat them.
Dissociative identity disorder, also called multiple personality disorder, is not the same as schizophrenia. People who have schizophrenia don't have more than one personality.
Different types of schizophrenia
Before the most recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) came out in 2013, the types of schizophrenia were officially recognized.
As the symptoms of these subtypes of schizophrenia were not thought to be consistent or reliable, the American Psychiatric Association decided that having different kinds of schizophrenia made it tougher to diagnose and took them out of the DSM-5.
Even though these types of schizophrenia are no longer used to make diagnoses, some mental health professionals still find them helpful for learning how schizophrenia can show up. Let's take a brief overview of the same:
1) Paranoid schizophrenia
People with this type of schizophrenia often have visual and auditory hallucinations, delusions, slurred speech, trouble focusing and serious problems with their behavior. Before 2013, this was the type of schizophrenia that was most often diagnosed.
2) Catatonic schizophrenia
The main sign of this type of schizophrenia is the inability to move or talk, along with frequent anxiety and confusion. Catatonic schizophrenia, meanwhile, is one of the rarest kinds.
3) Residual schizophrenia
This type is usually diagnosed when a person with schizophrenia no longer has delusions or hallucinations, but they still have trouble moving, speaking and showing feelings, which is called having a flat affect.
If someone has this subtype of schizophrenia, they may show these signs:
- Speaking in a flat, lifeless voice with little to no modulation.
- Keeping a stiff face or showing no feeling through facial expressions
- Having little or no interest in talking to other people
4) Disorganized schizophrenia
This subtype is also called hebephrenic schizophrenia, and it's thought to involve chaotic behavior and speech that doesn't make sense. However, delusions and fantasies are not the typical symptoms of it.
It's a mental illness that causes people to have strange or uncontrollable emotions, act like children and do strange things. The word 'hebephrenia' comes from the Greek word for adolescence.
5) Undifferentiated schizophrenia
This is a diagnosis for people with schizophrenia whose symptoms don't fit nicely into any one subtype.
It's important to remember that the symptoms of these subtypes overlap with those of other disorders, and that a person must meet the standards in the DSM-5 to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Disorders of mental health are complex and can be tough to figure out. People often have symptoms that overlap or have more than one illness at the same time. Schizophrenia is one example of this kind of thing.
Understanding schizophrenia is easier if you know how the different types of the condition show up. Get help now instead of letting your mental health or the mental health of someone you care about exacerbates.
Recognising signs of schizophrenia and types of schizophrenia can entirely change the treatment protocol.
Janvi Kapur is a counselor with a Master's degree in applied psychology with a specialization in clinical psychology.
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