Progestin-only birth control and breast cancer risk: What you need to know

Breast cancer is a serious concern for women of all ages, and there are many factors that can increase a person's risk. A recent study from the University of Oxford revealed that all hormone contraceptives, including progestin-only birth control, carry a small "excess risk" of cancer.

This article will explore what progestin-only contraceptives are, how they work, and what the new study reveals about their potential impact on breast cancer risk.

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What are Progestin-Only Contraceptives?

Progestin, also known as progestagen, is a synthetic hormone that mimics the natural hormone progesterone. Progestin-only contraceptives do not contain estrogen and are available in several forms, including the implant, the hormonal intrauterine device (IUD), the contraceptive injection, and the minipill.

These contraceptives work by thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm from reaching the egg or by stopping ovulation altogether.

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Progestin-Only Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk

The aforementioned study found that progestin-only contraceptives are associated with a 20 to 30 percent relative risk of breast cancer, similar to the risk associated with combined hormone contraceptives.

However, it's important to note that the overall risk of cancer among hormone contraceptive users is still low, especially for younger women. The excess risk is also gone on for about 10 years after stopping hormone contraceptives.

It's worth noting that the study does not indicate that hormonal contraceptives cause cancer, but rather investigates potential links to the disease.

Kirstin Pirie, the lead author of the study, notes that the well-established benefits of contraceptive use during a woman's reproductive years, such as birth control and hormone regulation, must be considered when evaluating the risks.

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190 million women around the world currently use some form of hormonal contraception. (Image via Pexels/Thirdman)

Benefits of Progestin-Only Contraceptives

Progestin-only contraceptives offer several benefits beyond birth control, including easing severe period pain and stopping or weakening periods for some women. They are also a safe option for women who are breastfeeding.

However, like all hormone contraceptives, they should still be used in tandem with condoms to protect against sexually transmitted infections.

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Risks vs Benefits

While the new study sheds light on the potential risks associated with progestin-only contraceptives, it's important to remember that all contraceptives come with some level of risk.

Hormone contraceptives can offer significant benefits beyond preventing pregnancy, including helping regulate hormones and managing conditions like endometriosis. As with any medical decision, it's important to weigh the potential risks against the benefits and make a personal decision that is right for you.

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Breast cancer is a serious concern for women, and the new study from the University of Oxford has raised some concerns about the potential risks associated with progestin-only contraceptives.

While the overall risk of breast cancer remains low, it's important to stay informed and discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider. Ultimately, the decision to use any form of contraception is a personal one that should be made after carefully considering the potential risks and benefits.