Minecraft's gorgeous biomes are what make the blocky terrain so nice to look at. New biomes are also incredibly common for mods and addons to include. Unfortunately, custom biomes haven't been possible since the Caves and Cliffs terrain generation update first hit Bedrock Edition all the way back in 2020, thanks to a particularly long-lived bug.
Everything you need to know about issues with custom Bedrock biomes can be found detailed below, along with how Java Edition differs from this.
Why aren't custom Minecraft Bedrock biomes possible?
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The previously mentioned Bedrock bug is MCPE-100700. This bug was first reported all the way back in September 2020 and has affected every major Minecraft update and snapshot since then. This includes even the recently released 1.21 update.
As mentioned in the bug report, changes made in 1.18.0.20 made it so that vanilla biomes use multi-noise generation, which has broken the ability for custom biomes to generate. It's unknown when, or if, Mojang will get around to finally fixing this ancient bug.
The recent addition of Minecraft addons seems to imply that Mojang is working towards making Bedrock easier to modify, so hopefully they return to this issue in the near future.
Custom biomes in Java Edition
Thankfully, only Bedrock Edition currently has issues with custom biomes. Java Edition has access to a plethora of different mods focused on adding new biomes to the game. The most beloved of these mods include Biomes O' Plenty, The Twilight Forest, Terralith, and Oh The Biomes You'll Go.
Many of these mods overhaul vanilla Minecraft biomes in addition to adding totally new ones. This helps these otherwise bland vanilla biomes feel just as exciting and new as the fresh environments created by the modders. There are also mods out there, such as Geophilic, that focus specifically on improving vanilla biomes, which can make survival worlds far more interesting than they normally are.
Builders in Java can also change biomes in the world to match custom terraforming projects, thanks to the /fillbiome Minecraft command. This command is able to fill a specified area with the designated biome. Keep in mind that biomes are stored in a world in 4x4x4 chunks to help transition between them smoothly. This means that the filled area won't be exact to the given coordinates.
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