After nearly eight months of waiting, Mojang has finally released the Minecraft 1.21 Tricky Trials update for Java Edition. The update introduces several new features, with the focus on combat, adventure, and tinkering with new copper blocks.The major attraction of the Minecraft 1.21 update is a brand-new dungeon structure called Trial Chambers, which inspired the update's title - Tricky Trials. In the trial chambers, players will encounter many challenging foes, including two new mobs called Breeze and Bogged. Successfully defeating such mobs might grant players rewards in the form of Breeze rods and a heavy core block, which can be used to craft the new mace weapon.There are other exciting features as well, ranging from new enchantments to beautiful music discs and 20 brilliant paintings to decorate your base. Without further ado, let's dive into the patch notes for the Minecraft 1.21 Tricky Trials update.Minecraft Tricky Trials patch notesThe Minecraft 1.21 patch notes are as follows:New featuresAdded a new underground structure called Trial ChambersAdded 2 new mobsBreezeBoggedAdded a new weapon, the MaceAdded 3 new enchantments exclusive to the MaceDensityBreachWind BurstAdded the following blocks:CrafterTrial SpawnerOminous Trial SpawnerVaultOminous VaultNew variants in the Copper FamilyNew variants in the Tuff FamilyHeavy CoreAdded the following items:Trial Explorer MapOminous BottleWind ChargeTrial KeyOminous Trial KeyBreeze Rod3 new Pottery Sherds2 new Banner Patterns2 new Armor Trims4 new PotionsPotion of InfestationPotion of OozingPotion of WeavingPotion of Wind Charging4 new Tipped ArrowsArrow of InfestationArrow of OozingArrow of WeavingArrow of Wind ChargingAdded 3 new Music Discs by Aaron Cherof and Lena RaineAdded 20 new Paintings5 by artist Sarah Boeving15 by artist Kristoffer ZetterstrandRedesigned Bad Omen to give access to Ominous EventsAdded 6 new Status EffectsInfestedOozingWeavingWind ChargedRaid OmenTrial OmenAdded 9 new music tracks by Aaron Cherof, Kumi Tanioka, and Lena RaineAdded 8 new AdvancementsAdded 4 new cave ambient soundsBoats are now leashableStructureTrial chambers are now out in Minecraft Java (Image via Mojang)Trial chamberTrial Chambers are a new structure in the Overworld where players can explore and take on combat challengesMade out of a variety of Copper and Tuff blocks, and can be found in different sizesA relatively common find throughout the Deepslate layer of the undergroundNatural mob spawning does not occur inside, similar to Ancient CitiesNever starts inside a Deep Dark biome, but can sometimes overlap itThe layout of each Trial Chamber is procedurally generated and can include traps, rewards, and a variety of combat areasDecorated Pots line the corridors and hold hidden treasuresSupply Barrels can be found between different rooms, and give you blocks and items which help you navigate your trialsVaults in each room are guarded by challenges and can be a source of many high-level Enchanted Books and equipment, including a very rare chance to receive a TridentOminous Vaults can be found in harder-to-reach places and give even better loot than standard Vaults, including some items which are exclusive to Ominous VaultsAlso Read | Best Minecraft 1.21 seedsEach Trial Chamber will include Trial Spawners with a melee, small melee, or ranged category:MeleeZombieHuskSpiderSmall MeleeSlimeCave SpiderBaby ZombieSilverfishRangedSkeletonStrayBoggedEach Trial Spawner category will only use one mob for the entire structure when generated, and these mobs are randomized for each Trial ChamberFor example, one Trial Chamber might only spawn Zombies, Cave Spiders, and Strays, while another might only spawn Spiders, Silverfish, and SkeletonsThe exceptions to this are some Trial Spawners in unique rooms which always spawn BreezesMobsBreezeA cunning hostile mob spawned by some Trial Spawners in Trial Chamber roomsDrops 1-2 Breeze Rods when killed by a playerThe number of Breeze Rods dropped is affected by looting enchantmentsMoves primarily by leaping around its targetDeflects almost all projectiles, making it immune to ranged combatWith one notable exception: it cannot deflect Wind ChargesAn aggressive adversary, it shoots volatile wind energy in the form of Wind Charge projectiles at its targetAfter colliding with an entity or a block, Wind Charge projectiles produce a Wind Burst, which knocks back entities in the areaWind Charges deal a small amount of damage when colliding directly with an entityWind Charges break decorated pots and chorus flower blocks upon collisionWind Bursts have the effect of 'activating' certain blocksNon-Iron Doors and Trapdoors are flippedFence Gates are flippedButtons are pressedLevers are flippedBells are rung and swungLit Candles are extinguishedWind Bursts do not have any effect on Iron Doors, Iron Trapdoors, or any block being held in its position by a Redstone signalWill not retaliate against attacks from the following mobs: Skeletons, Strays, Bogged, Zombies, Husks, Spiders, Cave Spiders, and SlimesThe same mobs will not retaliate against a Breeze when hurt by its Wind Charge projectileBoggedA new variant of Skeletons that shoots poisonous arrowsThey're easier to take down with 16 health instead of 20 healthThey attack at a slower interval of 3.5 seconds instead of 2 secondsHas a chance to drop Arrows of Poison when killed by playersThese mossy and mushroom covered Skeletons spawn naturally in Swamps and Mangrove SwampsCan also be found spawning from Trial Spawners in some Trial ChambersDrops 2 mushrooms when sheared (either both red, both brown, or one of each)WeaponsMaceA new heavy weapon to smash your enemiesHas a base damage of 5Can be crafted with a Breeze Rod and a Heavy CoreUsing it will decrease its durability like any other weapon; can be repaired with Breeze Rods at an AnvilHas a unique attack called the smash attack. When the player falls more than 1.5 blocks before hitting, a smash attack is triggered which has multiple effects:Safe Fall: Resets all vertical momentum and negates any fall damage accumulated from the fallExtra Damage: Does more damage the further the player fell before hitting the target with it:For the first 3 blocks fallen: Add 4 damage per blockFor the next 5 blocks fallen: Add 2 damage per blockFor any blocks fallen after: Add 1 damage per blockGreat Knockback: Other entities near the struck enemy will be knocked back by the immense force of the MaceCan be used in combination with Wind Charges to launch up and deliver devastating smash attacks to enemiesThese existing enchantments can be applied to the Mace: Mending, Unbreaking, Smite, Bane of Arthropods, Fire Aspect, Curse of VanishingThe Mace also has 3 exclusive enchantments: Density, Breach and Wind BurstEnchantmentsThree new enchantments have been added which are exclusive to the melee weapon, Mace in Minecraft 1.21 update:DensityCommon Enchantment, accessible in the Enchanting Table and on Enchanted Books in random loot chestsHas 5 levelsMaces enchanted with Density do more damage per fallen block per Density levelDamage dealt per fallen block is increased by 1 per level of DensityMutually exclusive with Breach, Smite, and Bane of ArthropodsBreachRare Enchantment, accessible in the Enchanting Table and on Enchanted Books in random loot chestsHas 4 levelsMaces enchanted with Breach reduce the effectiveness of armor on the targetThe effectiveness of the armor is reduced by 15% per Breach levelMutually exclusive with Density, Smite, and Bane of ArthropodsWind BurstUnique enchantment only found in Ominous VaultsOnly Wind Burst I can be found, higher levels must be obtained by combining them in an AnvilHas 3 levelsMaces enchanted with Wind Burst will emit a Wind Burst upon hitting an enemy, launching the attacker upward and enabling the linking of smash attacks one after the otherSuccessfully landing a Wind Burst attack causes the player to lose the fall damage protection they would otherwise have from landing a successful smash attackEach level will bounce the attacker an additional 7 blocks into the airBlocksCrafterA new block that enables the crafting of items and blocks via RedstoneCan be crafted with 5 Iron Ingots, 2 Redstone Dust, 1 Crafting Table and 1 DropperWill eject one crafting result at a time when powered by a Redstone pulseIts current powered state is indicated by Redstone crystals on its back face, which will light upThe crafting grid on its top face will light up red when it successfully crafts a recipeUpon receiving a signal, it will eject the recipe result from the front faceIf the recipe output has any remainder items (such as a Bucket), the result and remainder items will be ejected togetherWhen placed, the front face of the Crafter will face towards the playerCrafter User InterfaceHas a 3x3 interactable crafting gridThe crafting grid slots are toggleable, meaning that the player can change the behavior of a slot by interacting with it while not holding an itemA slot that is ‘toggled’ cannot hold any itemsOther blocks such as Hoppers and Droppers also cannot place items into themUnlike the Crafting Table, the Crafter displays a preview of the crafted item which will be crafted and ejected on the next Redstone pulse, but cannot be manually taken out by the playerThe arrow pointing out from the recipe grid will light up red when the Crafter is currently poweredThe Crafter User Interface is shared between all players interacting with it, meaning that multiple players can interact with the Crafter at the same time, similar to Chests and HoppersCrafter Interaction with Other BlocksThe signal strength of a Comparator reading a Crafter is 0-9, where each non-empty or toggled slot adds 1 strengthHoppers and Minecarts with Hoppers can be used to both insert and extract items from the CrafterDroppers can be used to insert items into the CrafterItems inserted from another block (ex: Hopper, Dropper) will fill the Crafter's slots based on these rules:Prioritize the first empty slot (from left-to-right, top-to-bottom)If there are no empty slots then prioritize the smallest stack of the same item (pick the first if there are multiple)If there is a toggled slot it will be skipped. The item will then be moved into the containerIf the item cannot be moved, it will be ejected into the worldItems are removed from Crafters by Hoppers and Minecarts with Hoppers in the same order as from other containers like ChestsTrial spawnerA new variant of Monster Spawners that ejects rewards upon defeatCannot be crafted nor obtained by players in Survival - instead, they can be found naturally throughout Trial ChambersVery slow to mine and resistant to explosions, and will not drop even with Silk TouchCannot be moved by PistonsThe challenge level will increase for each new player a Trial Spawner notices nearbyThe challenge level will not decrease until it is reset during a Trial Spawner's cooldownTrial Spawners can only notice players which are in line of sight, and will ignore Creative and Spectator playersUnlike normal Spawners, a Trial Spawner will spawn a limited number of mobs proportional to its current challenge levelIt can only spawn a mob at positions that are within line of sightIt can spawn a mob regardless of any light level requirement the mob hasSpawned mobs are persistentOnce all mobs are defeated, the Trial Spawner will eject a number of rewards which is proportional to the current challenge levelAfter the rewards have been ejected, the Trial Spawner goes into cooldown for 30 minutes, during which it will no longer spawn mobsWhen placed in Creative, Trial Spawners have no mob type set by defaultThe mob type can be set by interacting with it while holding a Spawn EggHas an Ominous Trial Spawner variant, accessible through an Ominous TrialVaultA block that holds locked treasure and loot - players must find the right key to eject its rewardsCan be found throughout Trial Chambers, containing the structures' most valuable lootVaults in Trial Chambers require a Trial Key to be unlockedCannot be crafted nor obtained in Survival, and does not drop anything when minedExplosion resistant and cannot be moved by PistonsCan be unlocked by an unlimited number of playersAfter a player has unlocked a Vault, they cannot personally unlock that Vault againIf a player has not unlocked a particular Vault before, this can be seen by an orange stream of particles that flow from the player to that Vault when nearbyHas a keyhole that will be open or closed depending on the players nearbyIf any nearby player has not unlocked that Vault, the keyhole will be openIf all nearby players have unlocked that Vault, the keyhole will be closedWithin its cage, it will cycle through and display items which are possible to eject from its loot tablePlayers cannot time their unlocks to eject the item that is currently displayed in the cageThe loot it ejects is randomized each time it is unlockedHas an Ominous Vault variant, unlockable through an Ominous TrialCopper familyThe Copper family of blocks has been expanded to add:Chiseled CopperCopper GrateCopper BulbCopper DoorCopper TrapdoorOxidized and waxed variants of all of the aboveChiseled CopperCrafted with 2 Cut Copper Slabs of a shared oxidation levelCan be crafted in the StonecutterCopper GrateA new type of decorative block unique to the Copper familyCrafted with 4 Copper Blocks of a shared oxidation levelStonecutting a Copper Block into Copper Grates outputs 4 Copper GratesProperties:Transparent and allows light to pass throughMobs cannot suffocate inside themCannot conduct RedstoneHostile mobs cannot naturally spawn on themCan hold waterCopper BulbA light-emitting block that can toggle its light emission through Redstone pulsesOxidizes like other Copper blocks, and emits light based on oxidation levelCopper Bulb: Light level 15Exposed Copper Bulb: Light level 12Weathered Copper Bulb: Light level 8Oxidized Copper Bulb: Light level 4When placed, its light is off by defaultWhile it is unpowered, it will toggle its light on or off when it receives a Redstone pulseIts light will stay on even when the Redstone source is removed, and will only toggle off when it receives another Redstone pulseA Redstone crystal can be seen in its center while it is powered by a Redstone signalSimilar to Glass Blocks, it does not conduct Redstone powerComparators reading a Copper Bulb will output a signal strength of 15 if the Copper Bulb's light is onThe crafting recipe for 4 Copper Bulbs is:3 Copper Blocks of a shared oxidation level1 Blaze Rod1 Redstone DustCopper Doors and TrapdoorsCopper variants of Doors and Trapdoors that can oxidize over time and be waxedBehaves like wooden doors, meaning they can be opened and closed with interaction as well as RedstoneCan be opened by mobs that have the ability to open doorsCrafted with Copper Blocks that have a shared oxidation levelTuff familyTuff has been expanded to have its own family of blocks:Stair, Slab, Wall and Chiseled variantsTuff Bricks with Stair, Slab, Wall and Chiseled variantsPolished Tuff with Stair, Slab and Wall variantsAll Tuff variants can be crafted in the StonecutterHeavy coreA mysterious, dense block which can be combined with a Breeze Rod to craft the MaceCan only be obtained from Ominous VaultsItemsTrial explorer mapUsed to locate a nearby Trial ChamberLevel up a Cartographer Villager to Journeyman for the opportunity to trade for this mapOminous bottleAn item that can be consumed by players to receive the Bad Omen effect for 1 hour and 40 minutesComes in five variations, one for each Bad Omen levelThe bottle breaks when consumedCan be stacked to 64Ominous Bottles can be found uncommonly in any Vaults, and are dropped by Raid Captains who are defeated outside a RaidWind chargeBecome the Breeze! Using this item will fire off a Wind Charge projectile similar to the Breeze'sCan be used to launch entities away from the impact of the Wind BurstGrants 10% more knockback than a Breeze's, but has a much smaller area of impactDeals damage if it hits an entity directlyHas a half-second cooldown after each useCan be fired from a dispenserPlayers can use Wind Charges to propel themselves high into the airPlayers that launch themselves with a Wind Charge only accumulate fall damage below the height of where they collided with the Wind BurstAs an example, if a player uses a Wind Charge to launch themselves 9 blocks into the air, and they do not land lower than where they initially launched, they will take 0 damageTrial keyAn item that can only be obtained from Trial SpawnersCan be used to unlock VaultsBreeze rodAn item dropped by a Breeze that can be crafted into 4 Wind Charges, or used with the Heavy Core to craft a MacePottery sherdsAdded Flow, Guster, and Scrape Pottery SherdsThese can be obtained by breaking Decorated Pots that display them in Trial ChambersBanner patternsAdded Flow Banner Pattern, found in VaultsAdded Guster Banner Pattern, found in Ominous VaultsArmor trimsAdded Bolt Armor Trim and Smithing Template, found in VaultsCan be duplicated using a Copper Block or Waxed CopperAdded Flow Armor Trim and Smithing Template, found in Ominous VaultsCan be duplicated using a Breeze RodMusic discsAdded three new music discs:"Precipice" by Aaron Cherof. Can be found rarely in standard Vaults, and has a comparator output of 13 when played in a Jukebox"Creator" by Lena Raine. Can be found rarely in Ominous Vaults, and has a comparator output of 12 when played in a Jukebox"Creator (Music Box)" by Lena Raine. Can be found rarely in Decorated Pots broken in Trial Chambers, and has a comparator output of 11 when played in a JukeboxPaintingsAdded five new paintings by artist Sarah Boeving:BaroqueHumbleMeditativePrairie RideUnpackedAdded 15 new paintings by artist Kristoffer Zetterstrand:BackyardBouquetCavebirdChangingCotanFernEndbossFindingLowmistOrbOwlemonsPassagePondSunflowersTidesOminous eventsBad Omen has been expanded to give access to an optional experience in Trial ChambersThese optional experiences can be accessed through Bad Omen, and are now known as Ominous EventsThey are more challenging than usual, and are designed to shake up the experience in unique waysRaids are an example of an existing Ominous EventAs a result, Bad Omen has a new, shadowy icon and a sound for being applied to the playerIt is no longer given to players that defeat a Raid Captain outside a RaidInstead, players can gain access to Bad Omen by consuming the new Ominous Bottle itemRaidsBad Omen no longer triggers a Raid directly when entering a VillageInstead, it will transform into a Raid Omen variant with a duration of 30 secondsOnce the Raid Omen expires, a Raid will start at the location the player gained the Raid OmenLike any other effect, players can drink a Bucket of Milk to clear the Raid Omen, preventing the Raid from startingOminous trialsA new Ominous Event that can be accessed by exploring a Trial Chamber while Bad Omen is activeThis event will have players facing more powerful Ominous Trial Spawners, if they dareTrial OmenA variant that Bad Omen can transform intoThis occurs when the player is within detection range of a Trial Spawner that is not OminousThe Trial Omen will have a duration of 15 minutes multiplied by the transformed Bad Omen's levelPlayers that have Trial Omen are surrounded by ominous particlesOminous Trial SpawnerA more powerful active phase of the Trial Spawner with unique challenges and rewardsProvides a more challenging experience that combat-loving players can opt into for better rewardsIf a Trial Spawner detects a player that has the Trial Omen effect, the spawner will become Ominous if:It is not in cooldownOr, it is in cooldown but was not Ominous during its last activationMaking it Ominous this way will bypass the cooldownWhile active, it will:Glow blue instead of orangeEmit soul flames instead of normal flamesPeriodically spawn potions and projectiles on top of unsuspecting players and mobsBased on their location, spawners in an area will select a random set of projectiles to spawnThese projectiles will always include a single type of Lingering Potion from a set of possible effectsThe mobs it spawns are more powerful than usual:Mobs that can wear equipment will often spawn with enchanted weapons and armorThe armor these mobs wear have Armor Trims applied from the Trial ChambersAll 3 of the following armor enchantments are applied to each piece:Protection IVProjectile Protection IVFire Protection IVSword enchantments can be either of the two:Sharpness IKnockback IBow enchantments can be either of the two:Power IPunch IMobs that cannot wear equipment will instead be spawned at double the total mob count over the course of the challengeThe spawners for these mobs will also have an additional mob out at once during its challengeBecoming Ominous will despawn any existing mobs it spawned and reset its challengeIf those mobs picked up or equipped any items on the floor, those items will be dropped when they despawnIt will stay Ominous until it has been defeated and its cooldown has finishedWhen defeated, it will eject a different set of loot to normal Trial SpawnersOminous VaultA variant of Vaults that have a more menacing looking and emit soul flames instead of normal flamesThese hold a more valuable set of rewards than the standard Vaults that are unlocked by Trial KeysCan be found throughout Trial Chambers in harder to reach places, and require an Ominous Trial Key to unlockOminous Trial KeyA variant of the Trial Key which has a 30% chance to eject when defeating an Ominous Trial SpawnerCan be used to unlock Ominous VaultsStatus effectsThe following status effects have been added:Wind ChargedAffected entities will emit a wind burst upon deathCan be brewed as a Potion with an Awkward Potion and a Breeze RodWeavingAffected entities will spread Cobweb blocks upon deathAffected entities can move through Cobweb with 50% of their normal speed instead of 25%Can be brewed as a Potion with an Awkward Potion and a Cobweb blockOozingAffected entities will spawn two Slimes upon deathCan be brewed as a Potion with an Awkward Potion and a Slime BlockInfestedAffected entities have a 10% chance to spawn 1-2 Silverfish when hurtCan be brewed as a Potion with an Awkward Potion and a Stone blockSplash Potions, Lingering Potions and Tipped Arrows can be made with these effectsThese effects can be encountered while taking on an Ominous Trial SpawnerSome mobs are immune to these effectsSlimes are immune to OozingSilverfish are immune to InfestedWhenever a mob with Oozing dies, it will check within a 5x5x5 area how many Slimes there areIf the amount exceeds the max entity cramming cap (24 by default), it will not spawn any SlimesIf it does not exceed it, it will attempt to spawn 2 Slimes up until the max entity cramming capMusicAdded nine new background music tracks which will all play in the main menu:"Featherfall" by Aaron CherofPlays in Badlands, Cherry Grove, Flower Forest, and Lush Caves Biomes"Deeper" by Lena RainePlays in Deep Dark and Dripstone Caves Biomes"Eld Unknown" by Lena RainePlays in Dripstone Caves, Grove, Jagged Peaks, and Stony Peaks Biomes"Endless" by Lena RainePlays in Dripstone Caves, Grove, Jagged Peaks, and Stony Peaks Biomes"pokopoko" by Kumi TaniokaPlays in Dripstone Caves, Grove, Jagged Peaks, and Snow Slopes BiomesThe following have been added to the pool of songs that play in Overworld Biomes lacking biome-specific music:"Featherfall" by Aaron Cherof"komorebi" by Kumi Tanioka"Puzzlebox" by Aaron Cherof"Watcher" by Aaron Cherof"yakusoku" by Kumi TaniokaAdvancementsAdded eight new advancements:"Minecraft: Trial(s) Edition" - Step foot in a Trial Chamber"Under Lock & Key" - Unlock a Vault using a Trial Key"Revaulting" - Unlock an Ominous Vault with an Ominous Trial Key"Blowback" - Kill a Breeze with a deflected Wind ChargeChallenge Advancement - rewards 40 experience"Who Needs Rockets?" - Use a Wind Charge to launch yourself upward at least 8 blocks"Crafters Crafting Crafters" - Be near a Crafter when it crafts a Crafter"Lighten Up" - Scrape a Copper Bulb with an Axe to make it brighter"Over-Overkill" - Deal 50 hearts of damage in a single hit using the MaceChallenge Advancement - rewards 50 experienceChangesImproved chunk loading performanceDoors of different materials can now form a double doorWitches now always drop 4-8 redstone dust on deathThis is to improve the viability of farms that utilize Witch Huts to obtain Redstone DustPiston sound volume and attenuation have been loweredThis was done to address the long-received feedback on the old sounds being too harsh and loud, creating very noisy redstone buildsThe panic behaviour of animals now lasts for 2 seconds after the damage is dealt, down from 5Ender Pearls that are thrown through portals can now teleport players to a different dimension than the one they are currently inIt is now possible to ride entities like Horses or Minecarts through portalsWhen riding entities through portals, the delay before teleporting is not appliedProjectile knockback is no longer dependent on the shooter's positionProjectiles such as Arrows and Fireballs knock back in the direction they travelProjectiles such as Splash Potions and Fireworks knock players away from themselvesProjectiles shot by a Dispenser will also knock backImproved player attribute and effect-handlingCustom set base attributes are now kept when respawningActive effects and modifiers are kept when changing dimensions or winning the gameBlocks frozen by Frost Walker now emit "Block Placed" vibrations (frequency 13)End Crystals are now immune to fire damageThe Trident is now considered of Epic rarity, giving its hover text a purple colorAdded an attestation checkbox when submitting a player reportThe "Burning Time" reduction effect of Fire Protection and "Knockback Resistance" effect of Blast Protection now stack from wearing several piecesRealms improvementsThe Pause Menu can now include a list of links provided by the serverImprovements to the disconnection screenUpdated creditsRemoved HerobrineChunk loading improvementsWhen reading an already generated chunk from the disk, surrounding chunks are no longer unnecessarily loadedThis is also visible on the singleplayer world loading screenThe new system has less memory and CPU overheadRealms improvementsAny member of a Realm can now upgrade a worldIn the Realms main screen, all online players of a Realm are displayedWhen hovered, a tooltip is shown with each player's head and nameUpdated the confirmation screens in Realms to show as popupsServer linksServers can now provide a list of links to clientsIf the client has received any links, a new button called "Server Links..." will show up in the Pause MenuTo make space for that button, the "Report Bugs" and "Give Feedback" buttons are moved into a sub-screenDisconnection and server improvementsIn some cases client will now store detailed information about disconnection (similar to crash reports)When that happens, an "Open Disconnection Report Directory" button will be added to the disconnection screenIf a server provides a link for bug reporting, it will be also be added as a button to the disconnection screenThe Minecraft 1.21 update introduces several technical changes that affect how data packs work. Players who create custom data packs or prefer using data packs in general should definitely go through the technical changes listed in the official patch notes. Mojang has also fixed several bugs, including some that are older than a decade. Click here to read the official patch notes and see everything that's new and has changed.