What substances are banned by MLB's drug program? Evaluating league's list of prohibited stimulants following J.C. Mejia's 162-game suspension

The MLB banned J.C. Mejia for 162 games following his second positive test for Performance Enhancing Drugs. The Milwaukee Brewers player will now have to undergo a treatment program while serving the long suspension.

Mejia's suspension from the MLB will come as a warning call for all players. This was his second suspension in two years which meant he would have to be suspended for an entirety of a season or for 162 games. A third suspension would mean a lifetime ban for the Brewers pitcher.

Fernando Tatis Jr. was suspended for PED use last season. Tatis Jr. was suspended for 80 games, which is the set guideline if found guilty for the first time. The common element for both players was their use of steroids.

Steroids are one of the primary substances that are banned by the league under its Joint Drug Prevention and Treatment Programme. There are almost 71 forms of steroids that are listed and are in line with the Controlled Substances Act.

J.C. Mejia was suspended for the use of Stanozolol both times.

Below is a non-exhaustive list of performance-enhancing substances banned by the MLB:

1. Androstadienedione

2. Androstanediol

3. Androstanedione

4. Androstatrienedione (ATD)

5. Androstenediol

6. Androstenedione

7. Androst-2-en-17-one (2-Androstenone, Delta-2)

8. Androstenetrione (6-OXO)

9. Bolandiol

10. Bolasterone

11. Boldenone 9

12. Boldione

13. Calusterone

14. Clenbuterol

15. Clostebol (Chlortestosterone, 4-Chlortestosterone)

16. Danazol

17. Dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (DHCMT, Oral Turinabol)

18. Desoxy-methyltestosterone

19. D1-dihydrotestosterone

20. 4-dihydrotestosterone

21. Drostanolone

22. Epi-dihydrotestosterone

23. Epitestosterone

24. Ethylestrenol

25. Fluoxymesterone

26. Formebolone

27. Furazabol

28. 13a-ethyl-17a-hydroxygon-4-en-3-one

29. Gestrinone

30. Halodrol (4-Chloro-17α-methyl-1,4-androstadiene-3α,17βdiol, 4-Chloro-17α-methyl-1,4-androstadiene-3β,17β-diol)

31. 4-hydroxytestosterone

32. 4-hydroxy-19-nortestosterone

33. Mestanolone

34. Mesterolone

35. Methandienone

36. Methandriol

37. Methasterone (Superdrol)

38. Methenolone

39. Methylclostebol (4-Chloro-17α-methyltestosterone, 4-Chloro-17α-methylandrost-4-en-17β-ol-3-one)

40. Methyldienolone

41. Methylnortestosterone

42. Methylstenbolone (Ultradrol, M-Sten)

43. Methyltestosterone

44. Methyltrienolone (Metribolone)

45. Mibolerone

46. Mildronate (Meldonium) 10

47. 17a-methyl-Δ1-dihydrotestosterone

48. Nandrolone

49. Norandrostenediol

50. Norandrostenedione

51. Norbolethone

52. Norclostebol

53. Norethandrolone

54. Oxabolone

55. Oxandrolone

56. Oxymesterone

57. Oxymetholone

58. Promagnon (4-Chloro-17α-methyl-androst-4-ene-3, 17β-diol)

59. Prostanozol

60. Quinbolone

61. Ractopamine

62. Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs)

63. Stanozolol

64. Stenbolone

65. Testosterone

66. Tetrahydrogestrinone

67. Tibolone

68. Trenbolone (Epitrenbolone)

69. Zeranol

70. Zilpaterol

71. Any salt, ester or ether of a drug or substance listed above

72. Human Growth Hormone (hGH), Secretagogues and Peptides, including Alexamorelin, Anamorelin, AOD-9604, CJC-1295, Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH), Growth Hormone Releasing Peptides (GHRP), Hexarelin, Ibutamoren (MK-0677), Ipamorelin, Myostatin Inhibitors, Pralmorelin, Sermorelin, Tesamorelin, Thymosin Beta 4 (TB-500), and Triptorelin

73. Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1), including all isomers of IGF-1, sometimes referred to as Mechano Growth Factors

74. Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 11

75. Aromatase Inhibitors, including Anastrozole, Letrozole, Aminoglutethimide, Exemestane, Formestane, and Testolactone

76. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, including Raloxifen, Tamoxifen, and Toremifen

77. Other Anti-estrogens, including Clomiphene, Cyclofenil, and Fulvestrant

78. Metabolic Modulators, including Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor δ (PPARδ) agonists, including GW 1516, GW 0742, AICAR, and SR9009 (Stenabolic)

79. Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents, including Erythropoietin (EPO)

80. HIF Stabilizers, including Roxadustat (FG-4592), Molidustat (BAY 85-3934), FG-2216, and BAY 87-2243

Non-steroid substances banned by the MLB

Apart from steroids, the MLB also bans the usage of two other common groups of drugs. These include substance abuse drugs and stimulants.

Substance abuse drugs include hard drugs whose sale, production or export are banned throughout the country. Some common ones include cocaine, LSD, ecstasy, etc.

Under the list of stimulants, there are 55 names that are prohibited from use. Methamphetamine remains the most common of these stimulants that are used by players.

Here is a non-exhaustive list:

1. Adrafinil

2. Amfepramone (Diethylpropion)

3. Amiphenazole

4. Amphetamine

5. Amphetaminil

6. Armodafinil

7. Benfluorex

8. Benzphetamine

9. Benzylpiperazine

10. Bromantan

11. Carphedon

12. Cathine (Norpseudoephedrine)

13. Clobenzorex

14. Cropropamide

15. Crotetamide

16. Dimethylamphetamine

17. 1,3-Dimethylbutylamine (DMBA)

18. Ephedrine

19. Etamivan

20. Ethylamphetamine 12

21. Etilefrine

22. Famprofazone

23. Fenbutrazate

24. Fencamfamine

25. Fenethylline

26. Fenfluramine

27. Fenproporex

28. Furfenorex

29. Heptaminol

30. Isometheptene

31. Meclofenoxate

32. Mefenorex

33. Mephentermine

34. Mesocarb

35. Methamphetamine (Methylamphetamine)

36. Methylephedrine

37. Methylhexaneamine (Dimethylamylamine, DMAA)

38. Methylphenidate

39. Modafinil

40. N,alpha-Diethylphenylethylamine (N,a-DEPEA)

41. N-ethyl-1-phenyl-2-butanamine

42. Nikethamide

43. Norfenefrine

44. Norfenfluramine

45. Octodrine (DMHA, 1,5-Dimethylhexylamine, 1,5-DMHA; 2-amino-5-methylheptane, 2-amino-6-methylheptane, 2-aminoisoheptane, 2- Heptylamine, 6-methyl-, 2-Isooctylamine, 2-Metil-6-amino-eptano, 6- Amino2-methylheptane, Amidrine, Vaporpac, a,eDimethylhexylamine, Dimethylhexylamine, Isoctaminum)

46. Octopamine

47. Oxilofrine (Methylsynephrine)

48. Pemoline

49. Pentetrazol

50. Phentermine

51. Phenpromethamine

52. Prenylamine

53. Prolintane

54. Phendimetrazine (Phenmetrazine) 13

55. Propylhexedrine

56. Sibutramine

57. Tuaminoheptane